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MABUX ARA LNG Bunker Index
Port LNG$/mton MGO LS$/mton Date
ARA
718.50
-12.00
660.00
-7.00
Oct 13
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Port	LNG$/mton	MGO LS$/mton	Date
ARA	718.50	-12.00	660.00	-7.00	Oct 13

MABUX Global Bunker Index

380HSFO$/mton		VLS FO$/mton		MGO LS$/mton		Date
443.70	-4.93	511.37	-4.09	763.94	-7.20	Oct 13

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MABUX Market Differential Index (MDI)

Correlation between market bunker prices (MBP) and MABUX Digital Bunker Price Benchmark (DBP)

All Indexes in $/mton	380HSFO			VLS FO			MGO LS			Date
All Indexes in $/mton	MBP Index	DBP Index	MDI	MBP Index	DBP Index	MDI	MBP Index	DBP Index	MDI	Date
Rotterdam	400	409	-9	433	458	-25	660	656	+4	Oct 13
Singapore	395	404	-9	460	495	-35	667	649	+18	Oct 13
Fujairah	405	378	+27	453	484	-31	730	712	+18	Oct 13
Houston	410	384	+26	451	440	+11	651	650	+1	Oct 13

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Analytical Section
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Latest News
- 2025-10-13
  Liquid Wind secures €3.6 million in funding for Swedish e-fuel project
  Liquid Wind has announced it has received €3.6 million (SEK39 million) in funding from Industriklivet, the Swedish Energy Agency’s programme supporting Swedish industry’s green transition, for the pre-engineering of the company’s full-scale e-methanol... Read more
- 2025-10-13
  Alfa Laval’s Marine Division Manager reports Chinese shipping’s growing interest in methanol as ‘the preferred clean fuel for ma
  Surveying China’s progress on maritime decarbonisation, James Le, Marine Division Manager, Alfa Laval China, says that: ‘Methanol has become the preferred clean fuel for many newbuild projects backed by Chinese state-owned shipowners.’ In an article... Read more
- 2025-10-13
  Green methanol plant completes biomass gasifier testing
  A manufacturing facility operated by a subsidiary of China’s Goldwind Science & Technology that is set to provide green methanol for the shipping industry has completed its biomass gasifier testing. According to an article published by the Chinese... Read more
- 2025-10-13
  VENEX, Veolia and SIPG Energy ink strategic green fuel supply cooperation agreement
  VENEX Company – a joint venture established by The Hong Kong and China Gas Company Limited (Towngas) and Foran Energy Group Company Limited (Foran Energy) – recently signed a strategic green fuel supply cooperation agreement with Veolia and SIPG Energy... Read more
- 2025-10-13
  Fratelli Cosulich launches methanol-powered bunker tanker
  Fratelli Cosulich has announced it launched ‘the world’s first methanol-powered IMO II chemical bunker tanker’ Maya Cosulich at China’sTaizhou Maple Leaf Shipyard on Thursday (9 October). Designed by SeaTech Solutions, the Maya Cosulich is equipped... Read more
- 2025-10-13
  EU upholds support for IMO Net-Zero Framework as U.S. details retaliation threats
  The European Commission has reiterated that it stands behind the IMO Net-Zero Framework, days after the Trump administration outlined potential punitive measures against the shipping interests of countries that vote in favour of the proposed global GHG... Read more
- 2025-10-13
  Oil rebounds 1% after sharp losses on US-China tensions
  Oil prices clawed back some gains on Monday after hitting five-month lows in the previous session as investors hoped potential talks between the presidents of the U.S. and China could ease trade tensions between the world’s two largest economies and oil... Read more Oil prices clawed back some gains on Monday after hitting five-month lows in the previous session as investors hoped potential talks between the presidents of the U.S. and China could ease trade tensions between the world’s two largest economies and oil consumers.
  Brent crude futures rose 87 cents, or 1.39%, to $63.60 a barrel by 0045 GMT after settling down 3.82% on Friday to the lowest since May 7.
  U.S. West Texas Intermediate crude was at $59.77 a barrel, up 87 cents, or 1.48%, following a 4.24% loss to reach its lowest since May 7.
  U.S.-China trade tensions flared up last week after China expanded its rare earth export controls and drew a response from U.S. President Donald Trump on Friday to impose 100% tariffs on China’s U.S.-bound exports, along with new export controls on "any and all critical software" by November 1.
  The moves come ahead of a potential Trump-Xi meeting on the sidelines of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum in South Korea, which U.S. Trade Representative Jamison Greer said could still happen later this month.
  "The key question for markets is whether these are ultimately implemented, with severe effects on global supply chains and especially high-tech production, or remain just efforts to gain negotiating leverage ahead of bilateral talks on the sidelines of the APEC meeting in South Korea late this month," Goldman Sachs analysts said in a note.
  
  "The most likely scenario seems to be that both sides pull back on the most aggressive policies and that talks lead to a further - and possibly indefinite - extension of the tariff escalation pause reached in May," they said, although there is still the risk of trade tensions escalating that may lead to higher tariffs or more serious export restrictions,
  Oil prices tumbled in March and April during the height of trade tensions between the two countries.
  In the Middle East, Trump declared on Sunday that the Gaza war has ended as he heads to Israel ahead of the expected release of Israeli hostages and Palestinian prisoners as part of the fragile ceasefire he brokered. Source: Reuters/Investing.com
- 2025-10-13
  Turkey Aims to Dismantle Russia-Iran Gas Dominance. Can It Pull It Off?
  Once overwhelmingly dependent on natural gas from Russia and Iran, Turkey is undertaking a strategic overhaul of its natural gas sector that could dramatically lower its reliance on the two nations, widely considered pariahs by the West. Turkey is not... Read more Once overwhelmingly dependent on natural gas from Russia and Iran, Turkey is undertaking a strategic overhaul of its natural gas sector that could dramatically lower its reliance on the two nations, widely considered pariahs by the West. Turkey is not only signing a flurry of multi-year LNG deals with multiple suppliers but is also looking to boost domestic production in a move that could see Russia and Iran lose one of their biggest natural gas and crude customers in a few short years. Turkey is Russia's last big market in Europe after the rest of the continent largely abandoned Russian gas in favor of pipeline gas from Norway and LNG from the United States. Turkey’s two main contracts with Russia, totaling 22 bcm/yr are set to expire over the next couple of years, while Iran’s 10 bcm/yr supply contract ends in 2026.
  
  Turkey has already built LNG import capacity of 58 bcm/year-- enough to meet the country’s demand--including floating terminals at Dörtyol and Saros. This will help the country reroute and even re-export LNG to Europe, positioning it as a regional hub. In September, state energy company BOTA? signed a 20-year agreement with Mercuria to import about 4 bcm/yr of U.S. LNG starting 2026. This will total ~70 bcm over the next two decades.. BOTA? has also signed a separate preliminary pact with Australia’s Woodside Energy (NYSE:WDS) that will add ~5.8 bcm over nine years beginning 2030. Meanwhile, Ankara is boosting domestic production, too. State Oil & Gas company TPAO is currently developing new gas fields, including in the Black Sea, to feed the country’s grid.
  
  This twin approach is a key milestone for Turkey’s energy security, and is expected to boost its combined contracted LNG imports and domestic output by more than 26 bcm/year by 2028, up from ~15 bcm currently. This in turn means that Turkey would only need ~26 bcm of pipeline gas in 2028, well below the 41 bcm it currently buys from Russia, Iran and Azerbaijan. Iran, for its part, could fare even worse. Gas exports are a leading source of income for Iran since they are not under Western sanctions. Losing Turkey would largely eliminate Iran’s gas export revenues, with a pivot to the east to countries like Pakistan likely to prove challenging due to the lack of pipeline or LNG infrastructure.
  
  While Turkey’s new approach is partly informed by the need to boost its energy security, pressure from the United States and the West is also playing a part. Last month, U.S. President Donald Trump pointedly urged Turkey’s President Erdo?an to stop buying oil and gas from Russia. The G7 issued a joint statement shortly thereafter, saying it’s time to “maximize the pressure on Russia’s oil exports.” But Ankara cutting the cord with Moscow is going to be anything but easy or straightforward. Turkey has been buying up to two-thirds of its oil imports from Russia at deep discounts of up to 15% since the war in Ukraine began, saving the country billions of dollars in import bills and helping ease inflation. The same applies to natural gas, with Turkey importing more than 40% of its gas from Russia at relatively competitive rates. Erdo?an has been playing a delicate balancing act instead of outright defying or acquiescing to Washington by quietly diversifying and keeping the Kremlin placated.
  
  African Ties
  
  Meanwhile, Turkey is also turning to Africa in a bid to further diversify and boost energy security. Recently, Bloomberg reported that Turkey will send the 86-meter-long research vessel Oruc Reis to explore offshore oil blocks belonging to Somalia. Turkey has already established a strong presence in war-weary Somalia, where it operates its largest overseas military base while Turkish companies manage the capital’s port and airport. Turkish drone company Baykar has supplied Somalia with an unknown number of its TB2 drone model, expanding the country’s offensive against the Islamist group al-Shabaab. Earlier in the year, the Turkish parliament approved a motion from President Erdogan to send navy support to Somali waters amid an increase in piracy linked to insecurity in the Red Sea.
  
  According to the Turkish Foreign Ministry, over the past decade, Turkey has provided Somalia with over $1B in aid. While that might not seem like much, consider that Somalia is one of the world’s poorest nations on the planet, with a GDP of just over $10B. That said, Somalia is merely a launching pad for Turkey as it looks to spread its influence in the continent.
  
  Earlier in the year, a delegation led by Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan visited Niger and signed a host of deals after the nation’s military government ordered the U.S. to close its military base and kicked out French troops. Niger has just resumed oil exports after it reached an agreement with neighboring Benin following a recent border dispute. Niger stopped crude shipments in June after the West African nation closed a pipeline operated by China National Petroleum Corp. that links the Agadem oil field to the Sèmè Kpodji terminal in Benin. Source: Oilprice.com
- 2025-10-13
  Britain Set to Outlaw Fracking After Decades of Debate
  There have been discussions around fracking in the U.K. for years, with the government going back and forth on whether to support new operations. Politicians have explored the potential for fracking, which has been successful for fossil fuel recovery... Read more There have been discussions around fracking in the U.K. for years, with the government going back and forth on whether to support new operations. Politicians have explored the potential for fracking, which has been successful for fossil fuel recovery in the United States, while environmentalists have fought against it. While many may have thought that fracking had been banned long ago in the U.K., a decisive ban on the practice had not actually taken place… until now.
  
  Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is a technique for recovering gas and oil from shale rock. It requires drilling into the earth to direct a high-pressure mixture of water, sand, and chemicals at a rock layer, to release the gas inside. Wells can be drilled both vertically and horizontally to release the gas. The practice is controversial as the injection of fluid at high pressure into the rock can cause earth tremors – small movements in the earth’s surface. In addition, fracking requires huge quantities of water.
  
  In recent years, in the U.K., the government has been back and forth on its fracking policy. Former Prime Minister Liz Truss put it back on the table, in the hope of attracting greater funding for fossil fuel production. However, just a month later, her successor Rishi Sunak reinstated the previous moratorium on the practice. Ahead of the 2024 general election, in the Labour Party manifesto, the political party stated plans to ban fracking for good if it came into power.
  
  In addition to environmental concerns, experts suggest that the U.K. terrain is simply not suitable for fracking. Chris Cornelius, the geologist who founded the U.K.’s first fracking company, Cuadrilla Resources, told media sources that the government’s support for the practice was merely a “political gesture” and that “I don’t think there is any chance of fracking in the U.K. in the near term."
  
  From 2004 to 2010, there was an early exploration of fracking in England. Cornelius said that while undertaking exploratory drilling, Cuadrilla discovered that the geology of the U.K. was unsuited to widespread fracking operations. He suggested that no sensible investors would fund operations, as “It’s very challenging geology, compared with North America,” which is more well-suited to fracking operations.
  
  While the U.S. has large, flat, thick shale formations, which are relatively simple to drill into and extract gas from, the U.K. has thinner, more geologically complex and heavily faulted and folded shale formations. The U.K. geology makes it more difficult to drill, exacerbating the threat of earthquakes, as well as making for lower yields.
  
  Now, the U.K. Labour government plans to ban fracking once and for all. In October, Energy Minister Ed Miliband announced that Labour was accelerating plans to introduce a “total ban” on fracking. The Party aims to introduce the ban this autumn. While the current government never planned to permit new fracking projects, the move is mainly directed at preventing the right-wing, populist Reform Party from making such a move if it should come into power.
  
  At present, the U.K. energy minister is permitted to lift the fracking moratorium without a vote in parliament. However, a change in the law would mean that the government would need to put it to a vote and convince the majority of MPs to support fracking, which would be more difficult.
  
  Several communities across the U.K. have spoken out against fracking proposals due to fears of the earthquakes, disruption, and blight to the countryside it causes. Around 187 constituencies across the U.K. that sit above shale gas could be affected by fracking if it were permitted. Miliband now aims to raise awareness about the potential threat of fracking through his countrywide “send the frackers packing” campaign.
  
  The Reform Party, which has grown in popularity over the last year, largely due to its strong stance on immigration and bold promises for the U.K. economy, has pledged to end the moratorium on fracking if it comes into power in 2029. In a recent party conference, the Lincolnshire mayor, Andrea Jenkyns, walked onto stage reiterating President Donald Trump’s words: “drill baby, drill”. Unlike Labour, Reform plans to return to a reliance on traditional energy sources, such as oil and gas, much in the same way as we are seeing in the United States right now, as Trump undoes much of the previous administration’s progress towards a green transition.
  
  After decades of back and forth, the introduction of a ban on fracking would mean that introducing fracking practices for fossil fuel recovery in the future would be far less likely, as achieving this would require a majority political support for the move. Having seen the lifting and reintroduction of the moratorium on fracking several times in recent years, a ban would ensure that no single politician can make this decision alone in the future. Source: Oilprice.com
- 2025-10-13
  Peru Bets on Chevron and Riyadh to Jumpstart Its Energy Future
  One of the world’s top copper producers, Peru, looks to turn around its energy and critical minerals mining industry with deals with foreign firms to boost oil production and supply and launch lithium mining projects. Peru, the South American oil producer... Read more One of the world’s top copper producers, Peru, looks to turn around its energy and critical minerals mining industry with deals with foreign firms to boost oil production and supply and launch lithium mining projects.
  
  Peru, the South American oil producer and major copper miner, has struggled to revive its energy and mining sectors in recent years amid prolonged political instability and a security and crime crisis, which could soon bring about the end of President Dina Boluarte’s term in office.
  
  After years of missing out on the opportunities offered by the global drive for energy transition minerals, Peru expects to sign in November an agreement with Saudi Arabia to develop lithium projects and other strategic minerals, Peruvian Energy and Mines Minister Jorge Luis Montero told Reuters in an interview this week.
  
  Saudi Arabia is seeking a “reliable strategic partner” in Peru and its interest extends to “investing in mining and energy activities… even in seawater desalination plants for the mining sector in the future,” Montero said.
  
  Peru is not a lithium producer yet, but its lithium reserves are estimated to be significant. EY Peru reckons that the so-called “lithium triangle” formed by Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia, which accounts for more than half of the world’s lithium reserves, could soon become the “lithium square” with the inclusion of Peru.
  
  Lithium miners have moved to tap Peru’s resources.
  
  American Lithium is developing the Falchani project, which the Canada-based firm says is the 6th largest hard-rock lithium deposit in the world.
  
  Following a favorable court ruling in a dispute over concession rights and payments, American Lithium will raise its investment in the Falchani project by 22% to $847 million, Ulises Solis, general manager of the company’s local unit, Macusani Yellowcake, told Reuters at the end of September.
  
  While looking to mine the metals of the future, Peru isn’t ditching oil. It wants to revitalize crude production and stop the decline in its output, which is currently below 50,000 barrels per day (bpd), nearly three times lower compared to a peak of almost 140,000 bpd in 1995.
  
  Last month, Chevron bought a 35% working interest in three offshore blocks operated by Occidental in a deal that also saw private investment firm Westlawn acquire 30% in the blocks. Occidental remains the operator with 35%.
  
  The frontier exploration blocks are believed to have multiple potentially high-impact exploration prospects.
  
  Exploration drilling is expected to begin in early 2026, and assuming the reserves are confirmed with the exploration campaign, production “could reach 250,000-300,000 barrels per day or more,” Peru’s energy minister Montero told Reuters.
  
  Domestic production volumes of this kind could allow Peru to stop crude oil imports within three years of a potential start of production, the minister added.
  
  Meanwhile, Peru seeks to boost energy security with crude imports from Ecuador, its neighbor to the northwest. State oil firm Petroperu and Ecuador’s national oil company Petroecuador are expected to sign later this month an agreement to connect oil fields in southern Ecuador with Peru’s underutilized Norperuano pipeline. The crude will be transported to and processed at Petroperu’s Talara refinery, which was recently modernized.
  
  The deal is seen as a win-win for both countries and state oil firms. Petroperu is expected to stabilize cash flow with the refinery output, while Ecuador and its national firm, Petroecuador, would see constant income from crude oil from abroad amid a major crisis domestically with pipeline shutdowns and refinery issues. Decades of corruption, falling private investment, corroded infrastructure, and environmental disasters have all weighed on Ecuador’s production and reserves growth.
  
  Peru has the reserves to boost its oil production and become a key lithium producer. It now needs political stability to be an attractive investment destination.
  
  Source: Oilprice.com

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